The Dark Matter, By Sir Isaac Newton - 2265 Words

â€Å"The universe is made mostly of dark matter and dark energy, and we don’t what either of them is,† a quote by Nobel Prize winning astrophysicist Saul Perlmutter. Dark Matter is currently a conundrum for modern physicist. Only 4% of our universe is known to us, which means 96% is still a mystery. This paper will focus on the dark matter that currently makes up 27% of our current universe. To understand dark matter, we must understand how we came to identify dark matter. From there we can understand where it came from, are there certain types of dark matter, the current theories of dark matter and finally where do we go with our current understanding. Sir Isaac Newton, in 1687 published â€Å"Principia† which would profoundly changed the way we†¦show more content†¦The fact that the stars are confined within the galaxy, even though their vertical velocities are measured to be high enough, necessitates the presence of unseen mass in the galaxy† . Swiss astronomer, Fritz Zwicky, in 1933 was investigating a galaxy cluster. â€Å"While making his investigations in the galaxy cluster at Coma constellation 90 Mega parsecs (one million parsecs) away and also at the cluster in Virgo constellation and calculated its gravitational mass using the â€Å"Virial Theorem.† (2T=n{Vtot} â€Å"He then used the mass-luminosity relation of the stars of the individual galaxies and estimated the mass of the luminous matter in each of the clusters. He came up with a huge discrepancy between these two masses and predicted the existence of dark invisible matter. â€Å" He would call this invisible dark matter, dunkie Mate rie. At the time of this proclamation was not widely accepted until a â€Å"Bullet Cluster† was observed. â€Å"Authors report that the cluster is undergoing a high-velocity (around 4500 km/s) merger, evident from the spatial distribution of the hot, x-ray emitting gas, but this gas lags behind the sub cluster galaxies. Furthermore, the dark matter clump, revealed by the weak-lensing map, is coincident with the collision less galaxies, but lies ahead of the collisional gas. This and other similar observations allow good limits on the cross-section of the self-interaction of dark matter.† Now that we have an